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- In the Roman Catholic church, the highest
- rank next to the pope. Cardinals act as an
- advisory body to the pope and elect him.
- Their red hat is the badge of office. The
- number of cardinals has varied; there were
- 151 in 1989.
- Originally a cardinal was any priest in
- charge of a major parish, but in 1567 the
- term was confined to the members of the
- Sacred College, 120 of whom (below the age of
- 80) elect the pope and are themselves elected
- by him (since 1973). They advise on all
- matters of doctrine, canonizations,
- convocation of councils, liturgy, and
- temporal business.
-